红光治疗仪的副作用(红光治疗仪的副作用与功效)

Warning. The safety of red light for the prevention and control of myopia needs to be fully evaluated.

警示：用红光预防和控制近视时需要对其安全性进行充分评估。

Clinic studies have shown that Red Light Therapy can improve eyesight. Now, new findings that use a deep red light with a wavelength of around 670 nm to improve vision. Most RLT units allocate 50% of their LEDs for infrared radiation (IR) around 850 nm. It is belief because of the high power IR LEDs employed in RLT units and the close proximity to the eye these units may be a cause for concern. Eye experts warn that the practice has not been well studied in humans.This article will touch upon the benefits of RLT for the eyes but also focus on the concern of the IR radiation potentially damaging the cornea and lens of the eye.

Before red light can be considered as a possible treatment for eye conditions, it must be tested in human clinical trials to make sure it is safe and to determine the most effective wavelength, dose, duration of treatment and delivery method.

临床研究表明，红光疗法可以改善视力。最新研究表明可以用约670nm波长的深红光用来改善视力。但大多数红光疗法(RLT)单元将其50％的LED光源分配给了850nm附近的红外辐射(IR)，由于红光疗法(RLT)单元中使用了高功率红外辐射(IR)LED光源，同时这些单元与眼睛的距离非常近，眼科专家警告说，这种做法尚未在人类中得到很好的研究，潜在的危害应该引起人们的关注。在探讨RLT对眼睛益处的同时，还要重点关注IR辐射可能损坏眼睛角膜和晶状体的问题。

在红光被认为是一种可能的眼部治疗方法之前，必须进行人体临床试验，以确保它的安全性，并确定最有效的波长、剂量、治疗持续时间和照射方法。

The Good Light

Electromagnetic radiation is characterized by its wavelength (or frequency) and its intensity. When the wavelength is within the visible spectrum (the range of wavelengths humans can perceive, approximately from 390 nm to 700 nm), it is known as "visible light".

Red light emits wavelengths of between 620-700 nm. Red and infrared light that falls within the wavelength range of 650-850 nm, that is extremely beneficial and is regarded as deep penetrating healing light therapy. These wavelengths of light are bioactive in humans, and affect the function of our cells.

有益光

电磁辐射的特征是其波长(或频率)和强度。当波长在可见光谱(人类能感知的波长范围，约为390nm至700nm)内时，就被称为“可见光”。红光发出的波长在620-700纳米之间。介于650-850nm波长范围的红色和红外光非常有益，被认为是深层渗透的治疗光。这些波长的光在人体中具有生物活性，并影响细胞的功能。

Based on animal and insect studies scientists determine that red light at 670 nm may improve retinal sensitivity and color vision. Red light therapy achieves this outcome by improving the photoreceptor's mitochondrial performance. Some studies suggest that a specific part of the spectrum, such as red light, thickens the choroid and might ultimately prevent myopia. However, this has not yet been tested in children. How does this work? Some scientists think red light recharges the cell’s powerhouse or “battery,” known as the mitochondria. During a red light therapy treatment, chromophores within our cellular mitochondria absorb red and infrared light photons, and convert them into energy. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of cells, responsible for making adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell’s form of energy, and enhancing the consumption of oxygen.

根据对动物和昆虫的研究，科学家们确定670纳米的红光可以提高视网膜的敏感度和色觉。红光疗法通过改善光感受器的线粒体功能来达到这一效果。一些研究表明，光谱的特定部分（例如红光）会使脉络膜变厚，最终可能预防近视。但是，这尚未在儿童中进行测试。红光的作用机理是怎样呢? 一些科学家认为红光会给细胞的动力库或“电池”充电，也就是线粒体。在红光治疗过程中，细胞线粒体内的发色团吸收红光和红外光光子，并将它们转化为能量。线粒体是细胞的动力源，负责产生细胞的能量—三磷酸腺苷(ATP)，同时增加氧气的消耗。

Infrared Light Radiation

Infrared radiation (IR), or infrared light, is a type of radiant energy that's invisible to human eyes but that we can feel as heat. All objects in the universe emit some level of IR radiation.

Infrared radiationis divided into the following three bands:

IR‐A (near-infrared): 760 and 1,400 nm

IR‐B (mid-infrared): 1,400 and 3,000 nm

IR‐C (far-infrared): 3,000 nm and 1 mm

红外辐射

红外辐射(IR)，或红外光，是一种人类肉眼看不见的辐射能量，但可以感觉到热。宇宙中所有的物体都会发出一定程度的红外辐射。

红外辐射分为以下三个波段:

IR‐A(近红外):760和1400 nm

IR‐B(中红外):1400和3000 nm

IR‐C(远红外):3000 nm和1毫米

Near‐Infrared Radiation and Cataracts

The most common eye disease associated with near-infrared radiation is cataracts. Prolonged exposure to IR radiation causes a gradual but irreversible opacity of the lens. Other forms of damage to the eye from IR exposure include scotoma, which is a loss of vision due to the damage to the retina. Even low-level IR absorption can cause symptoms such as redness of the eye, swelling, or hemorrhaging.

Cataracts caused by near‐infrared radiation have been noted historically in glassblowers and furnace workers. Radiation between 800 and 1,200 nm is most likely responsible for temperature increases in the lens itself because of its spectral‐absorption characteristics. Visible wavelengths may also contribute to the problem, since the heat absorbed by the iris could result in heat transfer to the lens.

近红外辐射和白内障

与近红外辐射有关的最常见的眼病是白内障。长时间暴露在红外辐射下会引起晶状体逐渐且不可逆的不透明。红外辐射对眼睛造成的其他损害包括暗点，这是由于视网膜损伤导致的视力丧失。即使是低水平的红外吸收也会导致眼睛发红、肿胀或出血等症状。

近红外辐射引起的白内障，历史上已经在玻璃吹制工和熔炉工人中发现。由于晶状体的光谱吸收特性，800到1200纳米之间的辐射最有可能导致晶状体本身的温度升高。可见光波长也可能导致这个问题，因为虹膜吸收的热量会传递到晶状体。

Red Light Therapy equipment is currently unregulated for power, wavelength and usage. Unless the manufacturer makes unsubstantiated claims about the health benefits of RLT, they are not going to run afoul of FDA regulations.

It is important that certain safety precautions be implemented by the industry before government intervention. Government intervention which typically moves slowly but when it does moves, it moves broadly with unnecessary and ignorant regulation. The reason being is that regulations are heavily influenced by bureaucrats with fine art degrees, with little technical knowledge of the science behind what they are regulating.

One health issue RLT manufacturers ought to concern themselves with is the Infrared Radiation (IR) emitted in many RLT units. Typically IR radiation at this wavelength of 850 nm can not be seen. Therefore the normal reaction of the eye to intense light radiation, contraction of the pupil, is not initiated. The prominent medical concern is accumulative IR damage to the eye that may initiate cataracts in a 10-20 year time frame.

红光治疗设备目前不受功率、波长和使用的管制。除非制造商对RLT的健康益处做出夸大的未经证实的宣传，否则它们不会违反FDA的规定。

重要的是，在政府干预之前，行业必须采取一定的安全措施。政府干预通常行动缓慢，但一旦监管，就会伴随着不必要和无知的监管。原因在于，监管受到官员的严重影响，而他们对监管内容背后的科学知识却知之甚少。

RLT制造商应该关注的一个健康问题是许多RLT装置发出的红外辐射(IR)。通常，850nm波长的红外辐射是看不到的，因此，不会引发眼睛对强光辐射的正常反应，即瞳孔的收缩。医学上最关注的问题是对眼睛的累积红外损伤，可能在10到20年的时间范围内引发白内障。

IEC-62471 Industry Standards

The lighting industry has standards upon which we can reference concerning LED light energy and safety.

According to the IEC standards, IR light at a wavelength of 850 nm light should not exceed 10 mW/cm² if exposure time will exceed 1000 seconds to be considered safe.

How does that fit in the real world?

IEC-62471行业标准

照明行业在LED光能和安全方面有可供参考的标准。

根据IEC标准，如果曝光时间超过1000秒，则850nm波长的红外光不应超过10mW/cm²。

这在现实世界中又如何体现呢?

Sunlight

If we examine IR in sunlight from 720nm to 2500 nm we obtain a power figure of 43.4 mW/cm².

According to the IEC-62471 standard sunlight fits in their Risk 1 category with a 100-second limit.

While people do not stare into the sun, sunlight hitting the eye will still exceed the 10 mW/cm² maximum set by IEC-62471. I don’t see people limiting their eye exposure to sunlight to < 100 seconds. So let’s just say the IEC-62471 is being overly cautious with their IR eye safety power estimates.

阳光

如果测试从720nm到2500nm的阳光下的IR，可以得到一个功率图43.4mW/cm²（如上图）。

根据IEC-62471标准，阳光在100秒内就属于风险1类。

当人们不盯着太阳时，照射到眼睛的阳光仍然会超过IEC-62471设定的最大10兆瓦/厘米²。几乎没有人把眼睛暴露在阳光下的时间限制在100秒以内，所以只能说IEC-62471对红外辐射眼安全功率估计过于谨慎了。

Practical RLT Devices

Practical high power RLT devices that utilize IR LEDs are going to radiate energy in the excess of 10 mW/cm² power limit. If you factor in how close one may hold their face (eyes) in proximity to the RLT device the power levels are even greater.

Lower power RLT units I have tested output 28 mW/cm² of IR radiation at a distance of 2–3 inches (50–75 mm).

High power RLT units may have triple that output power, bringing the output power to around 100 mW/cm² . That 10X more than the safety limit of the IEC standard.

Here are a few real light power measurements taken from a distance of 8–10 inches (200–250 mm)

Even at 10" we are well over the eye safety limit. If the head and eyes are moved closer to the IR light source the situation gets even worse.

实用RLT设备

实用的高功率RLT设备，辐射能量限制在10mW/cm²的功率以内。如果考虑到人脸(眼睛)靠近RLT设备距离，那么功率级别会更高。

低功率RLT设备在距离2-3英寸(50-75毫米)时，测试红外辐射输出功率为28mW/cm²。

高功率RLT单位可能有三倍的输出功率，使输出功率约100mW/cm²。即超过IEC标准安全限值的10倍。

如上图是从8-10英寸(200-250毫米)的距离测量的真实光功率。

即使是10英寸，也远远超过了眼睛安全限制。如果头部和眼睛靠近红外光源，情况会更糟。

Disclaimer

The content and information contained in this article are for informational purposes only. The information provided in this article is not and must not be taken as an alternative to any advice by a doctor, physician, or medical professional.

免责声明

本文中的内容和信息仅供参考。本文所提供的信息不能替代医生或医疗专业人士的任何建议。