脚部肌肉短缩是什么原因(脚的肌肉收缩是什么问题)脚部肌肉短缩是什么原因(脚的肌肉收缩是什么问题)

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脚部肌肉短缩是什么原因(脚的肌肉收缩是什么问题)

脚部肌肉短缩是什么原因(脚的肌肉收缩是什么问题)

前一段时间,我朋友的弟弟响应国家号召,踊跃报名参军入伍,把自己的爱国之心化为报国之行。但是就在征兵体检的时候,因为被检查出扁平足而失去了投身军营的机会。朋友很不解的打电话问我,为什么扁平足会影响当兵呢?平时我弟弟日常生活一切正常,也没有什么不舒服的症状啊。今天我们就来说一说扁平足,看完这篇大家就能知道国家的良苦用心了。而且很多爱美的女性因为扁平足无法穿高跟鞋。

什么是扁平足?

平足症(flat foot)俗称扁平足,是指内侧足弓低平或者消失,同时伴有足部畸形、跟腱短缩等。患足失去弹性,在站立和行走时足弓塌陷,出现疲乏或疼痛的症状。平足症是最常见的足部疾病之一,通常分为姿态性平足症和僵硬性平足症两种。

要想了解平足症,首先要知道足部的相关解剖知识。

足部除了负重意外,还要适应行走、跑、跳等动作,保持人体的平衡稳定,因此足既是一个强有力的支撑结构,又具有能屈曲活动的功能。想必大家对于足弓的概念多多少少有点了解,我们所说的足弓简单点来说就是:足的结构像是一张弓。足部的骨骼组成弓臂,足底的跖筋膜构成弓弦。足弓由足纵弓和横弓构成。足弓降低或者消失后,在负重时,足部承受身体冲击力的功能就减弱或者消失。

平足症的病因有哪些?

平足症可由先天性或者继发性因素发病。先天性因素指的是足部骨骼、韧带或者肌肉的发育异常,包括:1.跟骨外翻畸形2.垂直距骨3.足舟骨结节过大4.儿童骨骺未融合或者有副足舟骨5.先天性足部韧带、肌肉松弛等,均可导致扁平足。继发因素包括:1.长久站立或者负重,使得维持足弓的韧带疲劳而逐渐衰弱2.慢性疾病或身体过重,缺乏适当锻炼,小腿和足部肌肉萎缩,不能维持足弓张力3.女性高跟鞋等穿鞋不适,导致足部过度前倾,纵弓遭到破坏4.足部骨病如类风湿性关节炎、骨结核等5.足部肌肉肌力失去平衡。

平足症的病理改变有哪些呢?

根据平足症的软组织改变的程度不同,可分为易变性即姿态性平足症和僵硬性即痉挛性平足症,后者常合并腓骨肌痉挛。易变性平足症比较常见,软组织虽然松弛,但仍然保持一定弹性,负重时足扁平,除去承重力,足弓可以恢复正常,长期治疗效果满意。僵硬性平足症多数由于足部骨骼及软组织等多种病变所致,不易矫正,平足症状不会随着负重的消失而得到缓解。

平足症的临床表现有哪些?

稍久战或行走1-1.5km就可引起足部酸痛,足抬起后疼痛减轻或者消失,严重者行走时步态蹒跚,行走迟缓,全足着地,不敢提足跟,容易出现足部疲劳和疼痛,也可以伴有八字步态。痉挛性平足症病人有腓骨肌疼痛,僵直。查体时可以发现足腰部肿胀,足印肥大,全足宽阔、低平,跟舟韧带部压痛。X线片足侧位片显示足弓塌陷,骨骼之间关系失常。严重的平足症患者还会出现跗骨关节炎和骨质症状等。所以对于士兵来说,平足症的人群无法耐受长途跋涉,所以我国对于新兵入伍体检时,将严重的平足症作为体检不合格的标准。

平足症的治疗有哪些方法呢?

1. 对于轻型的患者,可采用非手术治疗方案,在活动时纠正足的平衡,进行足部训练,加强胫骨前肌和胫骨后肌的肌力,矫正足外翻。在行走时,应穿足底和足跟内侧加高3-6cm的矫形鞋垫,鞋后跟应宽,鞋底内侧应直平,鞋腰部应窄,并经常练习用足趾行走,做屈趾活动。

2. 极少数姿态性病人需要手术治疗,但是痉挛性扁平足经常因为严重的症状而需要手术治疗。痉挛性扁平足若病程短,可以首先选用手法做被动锻炼,逐渐克服肌肉的痉挛,或者在麻醉下使用内翻手法矫正畸形后,以石膏靴固定,5-6周后拆除时高改穿平足矫形鞋。对合并骨关节炎、骨性畸形的成年病例,需要施行手术治疗。手术方法有好几种。严重的痉挛性扁平足,必要时可以实行关节融合术。

总结与推荐:

1. 平足症(flat foot)俗称扁平足,是指内侧足弓低平或者消失,同时伴有足部畸形、跟腱短缩等。患足失去弹性,在站立和行走时足弓塌陷,出现疲乏或疼痛的症状。平足症是最常见的足部疾病之一,通常分为姿态性平足症和僵硬性平足症两种。

2. 足既是一个强有力的支撑结构,又具有能屈曲活动的功能。足的结构像是一张弓。足部的骨骼组成弓臂,足底的跖筋膜构成弓弦。足弓由足纵弓和横弓构成。足弓降低或者消失后,在负重时,足部承受身体冲击力的功能就减弱或者消失。

3. 平足症可由先天性或者继发性因素发病。

4. 根据平足症的软组织改变的程度不同,可分为易变性即姿态性平足症和僵硬性即痉挛性平足症,后者常合并腓骨肌痉挛。

5. 稍久战或行走1-1.5km就可引起足部酸痛,足抬起后疼痛减轻或者消失,严重者行走时步态蹒跚,行走迟缓,全足着地,不敢提足跟,容易出现足部疲劳和疼痛,也可以伴有八字步态。痉挛性平足症病人有腓骨肌疼痛,僵直。

6. 对于轻型的患者,可采用非手术治疗方案,在活动时纠正足的平衡,进行足部训练,加强胫骨前肌和胫骨后肌的肌力,矫正足外翻。极少数姿态性病人需要手术治疗,但是痉挛性扁平足经常因为严重的症状而需要手术治疗。

感谢您的阅读,如果您认为我的科普对您有所帮助,动动小手点个赞和关注。如果您对平足症有疑问也可以留言,共同讨论。如果大家想了解哪一个疾病,也可以留言告诉我。您的关注,是我奋勇前行的动力!

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